The Rough Guide to Central America

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Corrugated by mountains and volcanoes, Central America extends from Mexico to South America, comprising seven nations on a narrowing isthmus. This region, known as Mesoamerica, has historically served as a meeting point for diverse landmasses, flora, fauna, and peoples. Its unique geography features humid rainforests alive with the sounds of wildlife, while the eastern regions are home to the dense swamp-jungles of Mosquitia, filled with mangroves and marine life. The coastline boasts beautiful beaches and active volcanoes stretching from Guatemala to Costa Rica. Once overshadowed by conflict, Central America is now experiencing a tourism renaissance, attracting a diverse range of visitors eager to explore its natural beauty. Costa Rica's national parks and Belize's barrier reef draw nature enthusiasts, while Guatemala showcases its rich indigenous heritage amid stunning landscapes. Though Panamá and Honduras are beginning to capitalize on their natural resources, Nicaragua and El Salvador remain underrated yet welcoming destinations with similar attractions. The region was home to advanced pre-Columbian cultures, particularly the Maya civilization, which thrived from 300 to 900 AD, known for its impressive city-states and achievements in science and art. In contrast, the Chibcha peoples in lower Costa Rica and Panamá left fewer monuments. Central America was "discovered" by the Spanish during Columbus's last voyage, markin