Pseudo-Basilius, Adversus Eunomium IV - V

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This work explores a critical period in fourth-century theological history. In 360, the 'Arians' Aetius and Eunomius asserted a distinction in essence between the Father and the Son, as well as the created nature of the Holy Spirit. This prompted Nicaean theologians to articulate a theory of the Homousia of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, setting the groundwork for the Trinitarian decisions made at the Council of Constantinople in 381. The two books Adversus Eunomium IV-V are likely the earliest literary response to the 'Neo-Arians,' influencing the ongoing theological discourse. These texts, transmitted alongside Basil of Caesarea's works against Eunomius, have been regarded as pseudepigraphical since at least the 18th century and are likely authored by Apolinarius of Laodicea. The introduction addresses authorship, identifies opponents (including Aetius, Eunomius, and Marcellus of Ankyra), confirms the integrity of the tract, and establishes Book IV's composition date as 360 and Book V's as 362/3. It also highlights the impact of contemporary philosophy. The translation is based on the revised Migne text of 1886, while the commentary clarifies complex content and lays the groundwork for further exploration of the theological debates of the late fourth century.