Gustaf Aulén byl biskupem švédské církve ve Strängnäs a autorem klasického díla, které analyzuje doktrínu Ježíšova zadostiučinění. Zkoumá tři hlavní historické interpretace, včetně teorie Christus Victor, teorie uspokojení a teorie morálního vlivu. Jeho práce osvětluje tyto teologické koncepty a jejich vývoj v křesťanské tradici. Aulén je ve švédské luterské církvi znám také jako skladatel hojně používané chrámové hudby.
First published in 1931. Aulen identifies three main types of Atonement theories: the 'classic' view commonly known as 'Ransom Theory'; the 'Latin' or 'objective' view, commonly known as 'Satisfaction' or 'Penal Substitution Theory', and the 'subjective' view, often known as the 'Moral Influence' theory.
Gustaf Aulen's classic work, 'Christus Victor', has long been a standard text on the atonement. Aulen applies "history of ideas' methodology to historical theology in tracing the development of three views of the atonement. Aulen asserts that in traditional histories of the doctrine of the atonement only two views have usually been presented, the objective/Anselmian and the subjective/Aberlardian views. According to Aulen, however, there is another type of atonement doctrine in which Christ overcomes the hostile powers that hold humanity in subjection, at the same time that God in Christ reconciles the world to Himself. This view he calls the "classic" idea of the atonement. Because of its predominance in the New Testament, in patristic writings, and in the theology of Luther, Aulen holds that the classic type may be called the distinctively Christian idea of the atonement.
This paperback reprinting of Gustaf Aulen's great textbook of systematic theology should be a welcome delight to the Christian theologian. The reputation if this second English edition, based on the fifth and most extensively revised Swedish edition, has steadily increased over the years as a clear and sound guide to the substance of the Christian faith. Besides treating the whole compass of traditional themes associated with the doctrines of God, Christ, and the church, Aulen in this edition has provided new chapters on the Communion of Saints and on the relation between scripture and tradition. The chapters on the biblical validation of the content of faith, the doctrine of the Lord's Supper, and the unity of the church and the disunity of the churches were rewritten. The statements on the relation between the two testaments, creation and redemption, natural law, the resurrection, the validity of infant baptism, and eschatology were substantially revised. Aulen's keen analysis and clear presentation of the fundamental motifs of the Christian faith, his sharp demarcation of these motifs from their aberrations in the history of Christian thought and in contemporary theology, and especially his profound sense of the oneness of the church's faith have endeared this book to students, theologians, clergymen, and hosts of intelligent and inquiring laity of every denomination.
A guide to 200 bird-watching sites in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, with lists of expected species. General introductions give site instructions and specify the best times.