Alastair Hamilton Knihy

This volume, based on both European and Ottoman sources, investigates the commercial, military and diplomatic relations between the Dutch and the English in the Levant from the early seventeenth to the early nineteenth century. On the one hand there was a more or less constant commercial rivalry and there were moments of outright military hostility between the two powers. On the other a common life in the Near East led to a form of solidarity which transcended the political situation in the home countries. The role of the local population of the Levant, of Ottoman officials, and of the Greeks, Armenians and other eastern Christians who intervened both as merchants and as embassy dragomans or interpreters, was often decisive in influencing the dealings between the Dutch and English residents. The nine papers examine these different aspects of a relationship which has never before been studied in a Levantine context.

With bonnie banks, mysterious lochs, dynamic cities, and the greatest golf courses in the world, Scotland has much to offer the traveler. And with this guidebook in hand, tourists are armed with the best advice and guidance available for getting the most out of this beautiful country. Eight pages of color photos. 32 maps and plans.

This tells of the spread of Phoenician colonies into the Mediterranean, & describes the archeology & history of each area settled, tracing the development of Phoenician civilization down to the fall of the greatest of their colonies, Carthage. Translator's Note Preface Acknowledgements Introduction The Phoenicians in the East Name, people, and region History Religion Art Economy and trade Script and language Phoenician expansion The Phoenicians in Cyprus Phoenicians and Carthaginians in Africa History Religion Art Economy and trade Script and language The colonies in the west Malta, Gozo, Pantelleria Sicily Sardinia Spain Conclusion Maps Notes Bibliography Index