Knihobot

Barack Obama

    4. srpen 1961

    Barack Obama je známý svou hlubokou reflexí americké identity a politiky. Jeho psaní zkoumá témata rasy, rodiny a hledání smyslu v komplexním světě. Prostřednictvím pronikavého pozorování a osobní introspekce nabízí čtenářům pohled na výzvy a naděje moderní společnosti. Jeho hlas je jedinečnou směsicí idealismu a pragmatismu.

    Barack Obama
    Barack Obama Speeches
    The Politics of Hope
    Yes We Did
    Odvaha doufat
    Cesta za sny mého otce
    Země zaslíbená
    • Země zaslíbená

      • 764 stránek
      • 27 hodin čtení

      Strhující, osobní svědectví o vytváření dějin od prezidenta, jenž v nás probudil víru v moc demokracie. V prvním dílu svých pamětí Barack Obama vypráví příběh své cesty od mladíka hledajícího identitu až po vůdce svobodného světa. Popisuje své politické vzdělávání a klíčové okamžiky prvního funkčního období v úřadu, které vešlo do historie. Provází čtenáře od svých raných politických ambicí přes vítězství v primárkách v Iowě, jež ukázalo sílu aktivismu, až po historickou volbu 44. prezidenta USA 4. listopadu 2008. Obama nabízí zamyšlení nad dosahem a limity prezidentské moci, a poskytuje náhled na americkou politiku a mezinárodní diplomacii. Čtenáři mohou nahlédnout do Oválné pracovny, sledovat jeho úvahy při sestavování vlády, boji se světovou finanční krizí, hodnocení Vladimira Putina, prosazování zákona o dostupné zdravotní péči, a reakci na havárii ropné plošiny Deepwater Horizon. Otevřeně líčí, jak se vyrovnával s očekáváním generace a morálními dilematy rozhodování, a ukazuje, jak život v Bílém domě ovlivnil jeho rodinu. Přesto si zachovává víru, že pokrok je možný, a zdůrazňuje, že demokracie je třeba budovat společně, den za dnem.

      Země zaslíbená
      4,4
    • Autobiografické vyprávění vychází ze vzpomínek autora a je dokladem hledání vlastní identity a životního poslání. Kniha je kronikou hledání vztahu k otci a naplňování potřeby někam patřit, konkrétně do společenství amerických černochů. Obama se narodil bílé Američance a studentovi z Keni. Ten ale rodinu opustil, a tak Barack vyrůstal na Havajských ostrovech, v rodině matky a bez otce. S ním se setkal jen jednou. Kniha popisuje dlouhou cestu, kterou Obama urazil, než našel sám sebe – dětství, studia, práce aktivisty v černošských čtvrtích Chicaga, hledání náboženské víry, cestu do Afriky za otcovou rodinou a počátky politické činnosti. Své názory a skutky reprodukuje s ironickým odstupem a značným vypravěčským talentem.

      Cesta za sny mého otce
      4,0
    • V této knize Obama propaguje vytvoření odlišného druhu politiky, takové, jež by dokázala naplnit očekávání obyčejných lidí, která bude založena na důvěře a vzájemnosti. S překvapivou sdílností, vytříbeností i sebekritickým humorem tato kniha popisuje nejen vizi, jak by americká společnost dokázala překonat vnitřní rozpory a vypořádat se s konkrétními problémy, ale také rozličné společenské tlaky, které dokážou udolat i politika vedeného nejlepšími úmysly. Text se zabývá rostoucí ekonomickou nejistotou amerických rodin, rasovým a náboženským napětím ve státě i nadnárodními hrozbami v podobě terorismu či pandemií, snaží se vyrovnat s úlohou náboženství v demokracii a určit, kde má být víra životně důležitou součástí procesu demokracie a kde by se neměla do jeho uplatňování vměšovat. Obama napsal převratnou knihu, schopnou inspirovat čtenáře a občany po celém světě. Podle jeho přesvědčení mohou Američané napravit špatně fungující politický proces jedině tak, že se vrátí k principům stojícím u zrodu americké Ústavy a znovu přimějí správně pracovat státní moc, která se až nebezpečně vzdálila uvažování milionů obyčejných občanů. A tyto miliony, jak autor poznamenává, zatím venku „čekají, až s nimi republikáni a demokraté srovnají krok“.

      Odvaha doufat
      3,9
    • Yes We Did

      Photos and Behind-the-Scenes Stories Celebrating Our First African American President

      • 192 stránek
      • 7 hodin čtení

      "Eight years in the White House went by so fast. That's why I'm so grateful that Lawrence was there to capture them. I hope you enjoy his work as much as I do." --From the foreword by Barack Obama When Lawrence Jackson took the job as White House photographer in early 2009, he knew he'd have a front row seat to history. What he didn't expect was the deep personal connection he would feel, as a fellow African American, with the President of the United States. Yes We Did is filled with Lawrence's intimate photographs and reflections, as well as first-person recollections from President Obama, everyday citizens, and notable personalities including Bono, Stephen Curry, Valerie Jarrett, Admiral Mike Mullen, and others. The book is a celebration of the most inclusive and representative White House in history - where in between momentous and pivotal decisions, the President and First Lady opened the doors of the People's House to schoolkids, athletes, senior citizens, hip-hop artists, and more. For anyone who misses the humanity, grace, and undefinable "cool factor" of the Obama White House, this warm and inspiring book provides an affirming, proud, and focused lens on our history.

      Yes We Did
      4,6
    • The Politics of Hope

      The Words of Barack Obama

      • 144 stránek
      • 6 hodin čtení

      On the road to the White House, Barack Obama succeeded in breaking barriers and bringing together an often-fragmented population through his speeches, interviews, and words. He revealed an outstanding ability to express the thoughts and aspirations of the whole nation in a language that is populist yet intelligent, clear yet literary.The Politics of Hope celebrates Obama’s immense rhetorical power and ability to inspire, convince, and unite—a skill that took him from “the backyards of Des Moines” to the Oval Office. Covering the whole of his career and featuring iconic as well as less well-known speeches, this collection captures Obama’s great passion for language and reveals the hopes and dreams of the world’s most powerful man.

      The Politics of Hope
      4,5
    • Barack Obama Speeches

      • 704 stránek
      • 25 hodin čtení

      This handsome leather-bound volume features 85 of Barack Obama’s most influential and impactful speeches—spanning more than a decade from his time in the Senate to his final day in the presidency. Hailed as one of the greatest orators of modern times, former President Barack Obama has inspired millions through his speeches. This gorgeous collection—a hearty 704 pages, in a timeless leather-bound edition with a foil-stamped cover and gilded edges—provides a comprehensive look at how Obama’s message of hope and change evolved from before his presidency until his last day in office. Today more than ever, these speeches resonate with optimism and keen insights that people of all viewpoints and political backgrounds can appreciate and learn from. Pieces include… Pre-presidential speeches that signified Obama as a rising star. Speeches from some of the most important events of his presidency. His first and second inaugural addresses, all of his State of the Union addresses, and his moving 2017 farewell speech. Dozens more, covering the greatest issues facing the United States and the world. Perfect for any political aficionado, newshound, or admirer of the 44th president of the United States, this collection makes an ideal gift.

      Barack Obama Speeches
      4,4
    • Renegades

      • 320 stránek
      • 12 hodin čtení

      "Two longtime friends share an intimate and urgent conversation about life, music, and their enduring love of America, with all its challenges and contradictions, in this stunningly produced expansion of their groundbreaking Higher Ground podcast, featuring more than 350 photographs, exclusive bonus content, and never-before-seen archival material"-- Provided by publisher

      Renegades
      4,4
    • Inspire a Nation

      Barack Obama's Most Electrifying Speeches from Day One of His Campaign Through His Inauguration

      • 200 stránek
      • 7 hodin čtení
      Inspire a Nation
      4,4
    • President Barack Obama's #1 New York Times bestselling memoir of his childhood and young adult years, a compelling journey through family, race and identity, is now adapted for young people. Includes a new introduction from the author, a new full-colour plate section and a family tree

      Dreams from My Father (Adapted for Young Adults)
      4,3
    • Of Thee I Sing

      • 40 stránek
      • 2 hodiny čtení

      In this letter to his daughters, President Barack Obama has written a moving tribute to thirteen groundbreaking Americans and the ideals that have shaped our nation.

      Of Thee I Sing
      4,2
    • Two long-time friends share an intimate and urgent conversation about life, music and their enduring love of America, with all its challenges and contradictions, in this stunningly-produced expansion of their ground-breaking Higher Ground podcast, featuring more than 350 photographs, exclusive bonus content, and never-before-seen archival material. Renegades- Born in the USA is a candid, revealing, and entertaining dialogue between President Barack Obama and legendary musician Bruce Springsteen that explores everything from their origin stories and career-defining moments to the growing distance between the American Dream and the American reality. Filled with full-colour photographs and rare archival material, it is a compelling and beautifully illustrated portrait of two outsiders-one Black and one white-looking for a way to connect their unconventional searches for meaning, identity, and community with the American story itself. It includes- Original introductions by President Obama and Bruce Springsteen Exclusive new material from the Renegades podcast recording sessions Obama's never-before-seen annotated speeches Springsteen's handwritten lyrics for songs spanning his 50-year-long career Rare and exclusive photographs from the authors' personal archives

      Renegades : born in the USA : dreams, myths, music
      4,2
    • Newly abridged and updated for a young adult readership, this is a revealing portrait of a young Black man asking questions about self-discovery and belonging long before he became one of the most important voices in America. Barack Obama brings readers along as he faces the challenges of high school and college, living in New York, becoming a community organizer in Chicago and travelling to Kenya. On his journey to adulthood from a humble background, he forges his own path by trial and error while staying connected to his roots, determined to lead a life of purpose, service and authenticity. Obama's powerful and enduring memoir has been skilfully abridged to make it accessible and engaging for young readers, giving them the opportunity to reflect on where they have come from - and where they are capable of going.

      Dreams from My Father (Adapted for Young Adults): A Story of Race and Inheritance
      3,0
    • Our Country's Presidents

      All You Need to Know About the Presidents, From George Washington to Barack Obama

      • 216 stránek
      • 8 hodin čtení

      The next President of the United States will soon be featured in a fully revised edition of a beloved reference book, published by National Geographic Children’s Books in time for the inauguration of the 44th head of state—the first presidential reference book available post-election. This new leader will join the ranks of 43 predecessors who have taken on America's greatest responsibilities, executing duties that include signing treaties, addressing Congress, and navigating wars. Each president has left a unique mark on U.S. history and the lives of its citizens. Discover why George Washington chose leadership over plantation life, learn about John Tyler's nickname "His Accidency," and explore the experiences of presidents during significant events like wars, depressions, and civil rights movements. Enjoy anecdotes such as the Garfield children's pillow fight in the White House and the national mourning for John F. Kennedy. This updated edition will feature comprehensive profiles, timelines of administrations, historic images, and insights into the new leader, solidifying its status as the definitive family reference guide to the lives of past and present leaders. National Geographic also supports K-12 educators with ELA Common Core Resources. Visit their website for more information.

      Our Country's Presidents
      4,0
    • Nelson Mandela - Conversations with Myself

      • 454 stránek
      • 16 hodin čtení

      This moving collection of letters, diary entries, and writings offers a rare glimpse into Nelson Mandela's life through his own voice—direct, clear, and private. An international bestseller, it serves as an intensely personal complement to his autobiography. In the foreword, President Barack Obama notes that it provides an extraordinary picture of Mandela the man. The book reveals the darkest hours of Mandela's twenty-seven years of imprisonment, his troubled dreams on Robben Island, and includes drafts of an unfinished sequel to his autobiography, notes from his famous speeches, and even doodles from meetings. It features photos from his life, journals from his time on the run during the anti-apartheid struggles, and nearly 70 hours of recorded conversations with friends. This intimate journey traces the evolution of his political conscience and his pivotal role on the world stage. Critics have noted its emotional depth, with one calling it more revealing than his autobiography, while another describes it as a work that breaks the heart and then makes it sing. The narrative is intensely moving, blending personal reflections with significant historical events, providing the fullest picture yet of Mandela.

      Nelson Mandela - Conversations with Myself
      4,1
    • America The Story of Us

      An Illustrated History

      • 412 stránek
      • 15 hodin čtení

      This groundbreaking series brings the epic story of America to life for a new generation. The companion book is both penetrating and lively, suitable for serious reading or casual skimming. It explores the vast forces that shaped the nation, detailing how revolutions in technology and transportation transformed American life, commerce, and conflict. Key themes include the struggle between settlers and Native Americans, the conflict of slavery leading to the Civil War, the creation of the transcontinental railroad, and American ingenuity during the Great Depression and World War II. Beginning with Jamestown and Plymouth Bay, it highlights landmark moments in political, social, economic, and military history, featuring figures from John Rolfe to Barack Obama. Written by Kevin Baker, the narrative captures the dramatic moments in U.S. history with added detail and nuance. This essential account is beautifully illustrated with over 300 full-color images and includes innovative graphics and text. It presents a comprehensive history of the U.S. that hasn't been told in 40 years, linking events from the frontier to modern cities, and from Jamestown to 9/11. The book takes readers on a journey through the forces that shaped America’s destiny, making it a must-have for every family.

      America The Story of Us
      4,0
    • Guerre en Irak, effondrement du système financier, faillite de grandes entreprises, forte poussée du chômage : les États-Unis traversent une crise majeure. Face à ce désastre, et dans sa course finale vers l'élection présidentielle de 2008, Barack Obama propose un programme de réunification nationale qui met un frein aux dérives de la finance et combat les inégalités sociales et raciales. Un discours qui n'est pas sans rappeler celui de Franklin D. Roosevelt, après la crise de 1929 dont l'Amérique sort ruinée. Il propose à l'époque un " New Deal ", vaste projet social, économique et politique qui dessine les contours d'un " État-providence " à l'américaine.

      "Yes we can"
      3,6
    • The election of Barack Obama as President of the USA is a defining moment for all of us. After years of failed policies and a failed politics from Washington, change has arrived. Barack Obama now has the chance to reclaim the American dream. 'Change We Can Believe In' outlines his vision for America and its standing in the world.

      Change We Can Believe in. Barack Obama's Plan to Renew America's Promise
      3,8
    • The collection features the State of the Union Addresses delivered by Barack Obama from 2009 to 2016, highlighting significant moments and themes from his presidency. This modern republishing ensures the preservation of these important historical speeches, with a focus on clarity and readability. The book has been carefully reformatted and retyped, presenting the content in an accessible format for contemporary and future readers.

      State of the Union Addresses of Barack Obama, 2009-2016
    • Find inspiration in these selected speeches from the 44th president of the United States. This curated collection of landmark speeches chronicles Barack Obama's presence on the national stage, covers his signature policy initiatives, and addresses major moments in American life and history during his eight-year term as the 44th president of the United States. Also included are speeches he made after he left the White House—most notably, his eulogy for John Lewis and his speech at the 2020 Democratic National Convention. Obama’s eloquent speaking style and ability to connect with a wide range of audiences made him one of the most admired presidents in recent memory, even as he dealt with staunch party-line opposition in Congress. Barack Obama Selected Speeches is a volume that will appeal to those with a keen interest in history, politics, and the role that the United States has played in shaping today’s world.

      Barack Obama Selected Speeches
    • Ein verheißenes Land

      Der Weltbestseller jetzt im Paperback

      • 1024 stránek
      • 36 hodin čtení

      Der fesselnde und persönliche Bericht eines ehemaligen US-Präsidenten beleuchtet, wie Geschichte entsteht und die Bedeutung der Demokratie. Als international anerkanntes Buch des Jahres 2020 und mehrfacher Bestseller bietet es inspirierende Einblicke in politische Prozesse und persönliche Erfahrungen, die den Leser dazu anregen, an die Kraft der Demokratie zu glauben. Die Authentizität und die tiefgehenden Reflexionen machen es zu einem herausragenden Werk in der Sachbuchliteratur.

      Ein verheißenes Land
      4,5
    • Es braucht Mut

      • 35 stránek
      • 2 hodiny čtení

      Als er auf der Trauerfeier der Bürgerrechtsikone John Lewis spricht, sind die USA aus den Fugen geraten: Hunderttausende Corona-Opfer, Millionen Menschen ohne Arbeit, massive Proteste nach dem gewaltsamen Tod von George Floyd. Doch Barack Obama tritt mit seinen Worten an gegen die Spaltung eines ganzen Landes. Mit klarem Blick und unverrückbarer Herzensgüte beschreibt er einen Weg. Aus Chaos und Krise zu einem anderen, einem offenen Amerika. Es braucht Mut ist Barack Obamas Glaubenszeugnis: Gerechtigkeit, Vernunft, eine bessere Zukunft für alle.

      Es braucht Mut
      4,7
    • Es sind die Themen unserer Zeit: Klimawandel, Migration, Terrorismus, Atomwaffen, rassistische Gewalt. Es sind die Themen, die Barack Obama in acht Jahren als US-Präsident wie kein anderer Staatsmann verfolgt hat. In seinen Reden zieht er unaufgeregt und konzentriert Lehren aus einer fehlgeleiteten Politik der Vergangenheit und richtet den Blick auf die Zukunft. Barack Obama ist aber nicht nur ein scharfsinniger Politiker, er ist einer der Menschen, die sich nicht scheuen, Mitgefühl zu zeigen, Verzweiflung und Trauer. Unvergessen seine Rede beim Begräbnis von Nelson Mandela oder seine spontane Äußerung zu dem Attentat in Orlando. Auf seinen Reden gründet sich sein Vermächtnis, Ideale auch angesichts einer schwierigen Realität nicht zu verraten.

      Worte müssen etwas bedeuten
      4,7
    • Conversations with myself

      • 454 stránek
      • 16 hodin čtení

      This moving collection of letters, diary entries, and other writings offers a rare glimpse into Nelson Mandela's life through his own direct and private voice. An international bestseller, it serves as an intensely personal complement to his autobiography. In the foreword, President Barack Obama notes that this work provides an extraordinary insight into Mandela as a man. Readers are taken through the darkest hours of Mandela's twenty-seven years of imprisonment, including his troubled dreams on Robben Island. The collection features a draft of an unfinished sequel to his autobiography, notes from his famous speeches, and even doodles made during meetings. It includes photos from his life, journals written while he was on the run during the early 1960s anti-apartheid struggles, and nearly 70 hours of recorded conversations with friends. This intimate journey captures the evolution of Mandela's political conscience and his significant role on the world stage. Critics have praised it as more revealing and moving than his autobiography, describing it as a heart-wrenching yet uplifting read that blends the mundane with the monumental, providing the fullest picture yet of Mandela.

      Conversations with myself
      4,1
    • Yes, We Can. Il nuovo sogno americano

      • 160 stránek
      • 6 hodin čtení

      L'America non è stata mai così a rischio e impaurita come dopo l'11 settembre. Mai così in crisi è apparsa la sua capacità "convenzionale" di dominare i conflitti, di fronte a un nemico, come il terrorismo, del tutto "non-convenzionale". Mai come oggi si sono rivelate fragili la forza propulsiva del suo sistema economico, la sua sicurezza energetica, la sua capacità di aggregazione del melting-pot etnico, linguistico, religioso che la costituisce. La risposta di Barack Obama alla crisi americana non consiste in una sorta di pacifismo arrendevole, o di solidarismo "buonista", o di anticapitalismo intento a sminuire la forza della competizione e del mercato. Si oppone alla guerra in Iraq, ma vuole aumentare la forza e la qualità dell'apparato militare del suo paese. Vuole chiudere Guantanamo, ripristinare la legalità interna e internazionale, chiama al rispetto dei diritti civili, ma sostiene tutto ciò per poter condurre con maggiore forza e determinazione la lotta mortale contro il terrorismo fondamentalista. E ancora, Obama porta nel cuore della politica americana una motivazione, uno spirito, un afflato che sono profondamente religiosi, ma sa essere assolutamente laico nel disegnare, su temi come l'aborto, il controllo della natalità, l'etica della vita, gli scenari di un nuovo pluralismo e di una nuova tolleranza. Soprattutto, Obama non promette il cambiamento. Al contrario, lo sollecita, lo chiede agli americani.

      Yes, We Can. Il nuovo sogno americano
      3,7
    • L’entrée de Barack Obama à la Maison-Blanche en 2009 a marqué un tournant dans l’histoire des États-Unis. Il s’est notamment imposé au fil des ans comme un orateur hors pair, et nombre de ses discours demeurent en mémoire. Cette anthologie en rassemble huit. Dans une langue tour à tour déterminée, grave ou encore exaltée, Barack Obama n’a de cesse de réaffirmer son amour et sa confiance en son pays et ses habitants et, quelles que soient les circonstances, de toujours véhiculer un message porteur d’espoir, à l’image de son slogan : Yes, we can ! "Parce que le plus puissant vocable de notre démocratie, c’est ce "Nous". "Nous, le peuple." "Nous vaincrons." "Oui, nous pouvons." Ce mot, personne ne le possède. Il appartient à tous. Oh, quelle glorieuse mission nous a-t-on confiée, de tâcher sans cesse d’améliorer ce grand pays qui est le nôtre !"

      Folio 2€: Discours choisis - French edition
      4,0
    • Das erste Mal nach seiner Präsidentschaft meldet sich Barack Obama an der University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in aller Deutlichkeit zu Wort. Wo steht die Demokratie? Wie kann es weitergehen nach all dem Lärm und Schmutz? Und auf was kommt es in der Politik in Wahrheit an? Auf diese Fragen gibt Barack Obama Antworten. Eloquent, ehrlich und mit Kampfeswillen beschreibt er die aktuelle Situation. Eine Stimme der Vernunft in Zeiten des Egoismus, eine fulminante Bestandsaufnahme der Politik unserer Zeit, eine Beschwörung der Demokratie und ein kämpferischer Appell an die junge Generation.

      Wo Wir Stehen
      4,1
    • De la race en Amérique

      • 84 stránek
      • 3 hodiny čtení

      Présentation du texte, dont la traduction a été approuvée par l'auteur le sénateur Barack Obama, du discours qu'il a prononcé à Philadelphie le 18 mars 2008 pour répondre aux attaques subies. Il y aborde la façon de réaliser une meilleure union entre les Américains en analysant le problème des races dans son pays. L'introduction explique le contexte de ce discours.

      De la race en Amérique
      3,9
    • Ein amerikanischer Traum

      Die Geschichte meiner Herkunft, meiner Familie und meiner Identität

      • 328 stránek
      • 12 hodin čtení

      Die Lebensgeschichte eines begnadeten Erzählers »Heute weiß ich, dass ich damals an einem Scheideweg stand und mir darüber klar werden musste, wer ich sein wollte.« Barack Obama Die fesselnde Auseinandersetzung Barack Obamas mit seiner Herkunft und zugleich das beeindruckende Porträt eines jungen Schwarzen Mannes, der sich und der Welt Fragen nach Selbstfindung, Menschlichkeit und Zugehörigkeit stellt. Obama wächst in bescheidenen Verhältnissen auf, doch er ist entschlossen, ein Leben voller Sinn und Wahrhaftigkeit zu führen. Als er in der Schule wegen seiner Hautfarbe diskriminiert wird, weckt das seinen Ehrgeiz. Er studiert, engagiert sich in gemeinnütziger Arbeit und entwickelt Bewusstsein für Gerechtigkeit und Führung. Eine inspirierende Lebensgeschichte, die nicht nur jungen Leserinnen und Lesern die Augen dafür öffnen wird, wer sie in der Welt sein wollen und welchen Beitrag sie leisten können.

      Ein amerikanischer Traum
    • Ein amerikanischer Traum (Neu erzählt für junge Leserinnen und Leser)

      Die Geschichte meiner Herkunft, meiner Familie und meiner Identität

      • 320 stránek
      • 12 hodin čtení

      Barack Obama – ein Vorbild auch für die nächste Generation! Sein Bestseller "Ein amerikanischer Traum" über seine Familie und Herkunft neu erzählt für junge Leserinnen und Leser Die fesselnde Auseinandersetzung Barack Obamas mit seiner Herkunft und zugleich das beeindruckende Porträt eines jungen Schwarzen Mannes, der sich und der Welt Fragen nach Selbstfindung, Menschlichkeit und Zugehörigkeit stellt. Obama wächst in bescheidenen Verhältnissen auf, doch er ist entschlossen, ein Leben voller Sinn und Wahrhaftigkeit zu führen. Als er in der Schule wegen seiner Hautfarbe diskriminiert wird, weckt das seinen Ehrgeiz. Er studiert, engagiert sich in gemeinnütziger Arbeit und entwickelt Bewusstsein für Gerechtigkeit und Führung. Eine inspirierende Lebensgeschichte, die nicht nur jungen Leserinnen und Lesern die Augen dafür öffnen wird, wer sie in der Welt sein wollen und welchen Beitrag sie leisten können.

      Ein amerikanischer Traum (Neu erzählt für junge Leserinnen und Leser)