Focusing on the cognitive processes of creole genesis, this study delves into relexification, reanalysis, and direct leveling. It provides a detailed comparison of Haitian creole with French and Fongbe, highlighting how elements from these source languages manifest in the creole. The author emphasizes the contributions of adult speakers and addresses challenges in three key approaches—universalist, superstratist, and substratist—central to the ongoing debate about creole development.
This book is a reference grammar of Fongbe, a language which is part of the Gbe dialect cluster. It is spoken mainly in the former kingdom of Dahomey, which today comprises the southern areas of Benin and Togo. This book has three objectives: First, its main purpose is to provide a thorough description of the grammar of Fongbe. Second, this book provides language-specific syntactic tests which were developed in the course of this research. Finally, we provide the reader with the most exhaustive list possible of references on Fongbe, and on the Gbe languages in general. This book thus attempts to represent a "state of the art" of the language itself, and of the analyses proposed to account for its particular constructions. This book is of particular interest to Africanists, scholars interested in comparative linguistics or in the reconstruction of language families, and creolists who work on the languages spoken in the Caribbean area.
Otevřete dveře, nahlédněte pod listy, do domečků zvířat, na stromy, tam všude budou hravé opice, ptáci, žirafy, sloni a mnoho dalších zvířat, které žijí v zoo. Gorily mají dlouhé paže. Copak v nich maminka gorila schovává? Motýl má složená křídla. Rozevři mu je a podívej se, jak vypadá v letu! – Kdo všechno bydlí v zoo? S touto krásně ilustrovanou knížkou nakoukneš do zoologické zahrady a podíváš se, co všechno tam zvířátka dělají. Dozvíš se o nich spoustu zajímavého. Tak honem, zalistuj v knížce, odklop všechna okénka a podívej se pod ně. Najdeš tam křičící papoušky, hravé opičky, vysoké žirafy a mnoho dalších zvířátek.