Anxiolytics

For over thirty years, benzodiazepines dominated the anxiolytic market and influenced clinical and animal research in anxiety. Many animal tests developed since the 1960s were optimized for benzodiazepines, with some screening candidates based on benzodiazepine-like side effects rather than their actual anxiolytic activity. As the limitations of benzodiazepines, particularly their potential for tolerance and dependency, became apparent, interest in alternative anxiolytics grew. This includes both existing medications, such as tricyclic and monoamine oxidase antidepressants, and newer options like buspirone. Additionally, anxiety is now viewed as an umbrella term encompassing various specific disorders, including panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), specific phobias, social phobias, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These new classifications necessitate tailored treatments for different anxiety syndromes. The book critically reviews current anxiolytics and potential future options. It highlights that, while benzodiazepines remain prevalent for acute anxiety, they are not the first choice for chronic anxiety. Alternatives like tricyclics, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and buspirone provide better solutions for chronic anxiety, though none are yet ideal.