Håkan Andersson Knihy

The increasing Europeanisation of delict/tort law has led to the creation of various legal texts and model rules. However, a significant gap remains regarding the experiences of national legal systems over the years. This work aims to address this gap by focusing on the notion of damage, complementing previous volumes that explored other key elements like natural causation. It features a selection of pivotal cases from 26 European states and the European Court of Justice, presenting the facts and court decisions while analyzing them within the broader context of each legal system's development. The editors offer comparative analyses of the reported case law, addressing specific issues related to damage. Additionally, the publication examines how landmark cases would be resolved under the European model rules for tort law and highlights historical cases. The editors contend that this compilation may guide the organic convergence of national legal systems in Europe, serving as a foundation for an acquis commun that is richer and more complex than the abstract concepts found in national codifications, European legislation, and modern model rules.

The present lecture notes describe stochastic epidemic models and methods for their statistical analysis. Our aim is to present ideas for such models, and methods for their analysis; along the way we make practical use of several probabilistic and statistical techniques. This will be done without focusing on any specific disease, and instead rigorously analyzing rather simple models. The reader of these lecture notes could thus have a two-fold purpose in to learn about epidemic models and their statistical analysis, and/or to learn and apply techniques in probability and statistics. The lecture notes require an early graduate level knowledge of probability and They introduce several techniques which might be new to students, but our statistics. intention is to present these keeping the technical level at a minlmum. Techniques that are explained and applied in the lecture notes are, for coupling, diffusion approximation, random graphs, likelihood theory for counting processes, martingales, the EM-algorithm and MCMC methods. The aim is to introduce and apply these techniques, thus hopefully motivating their further theoretical treatment. A few sections, mainly in Chapter 5, assume some knowledge of weak convergence; we hope that readers not familiar with this theory can understand the these parts at a heuristic level. The text is divided into two distinct but related modelling and estimation.