Paul Bloom Knihy

Co všechno nám lidem přináší potěšení? Obdivuhodná sonda do hlubin lidské mysli… Přemýšleli jste někdy o tom, proč se z některých jedinců stávají kanibalové? Proč nám (většinou) připadá nechutné a zvrhlé mít sex s vlastním sourozencem nebo rodičem? Proč se někdo dobrovolně nechá týrat a ponižovat, a ještě mu to působí rozkoš? Proč nám originály uměleckých děl připadají nekonečně cennější než padělky? Autor téhle knihy se pouští pořádně hluboko do téhle neprobádané říše a vysvětluje, jak se tímhle vším výrazně odlišujeme od ostatních živých tvorů a jak nás právě tyhle věci činí „lidskými“. Dokonce už od plenek dokážeme my lidé rozpoznat realitu od fikce. A přestože spřádání snů, fantazie, okouzlení hudbou či příběhy nám v našem evolučním vývoji nepřinášejí nic nezbytného pro přežití, necháváme se tím vším znovu a znovu okouzlovat. Proč? To už na stránkách téhle nanejvýš zajímavé knihy zjistíte sami.

Jak děti zjistí, že slovo „pes“ označuje psa a ne třeba kočku, auto anebo člověka? Jak poznají, co znamenají slovesa „myslet“ nebo „věřit“, přídavná jména „dobrý“ či „bílý“, anebo třeba slova označující abstraktní jevy, jako jsou „hypotéka“ nebo „příběh“? Děti si slova osvojují poměrně rychle, obvykle bez toho, aby je to někdo explicitně učil. Porozumění významům slov je jedním ze základních problémů současného zkoumání lidského myšlení. Paul Bloom zastává přístup, že učení se významům slov je výsledkem interakce rozličných kognitivních a jazykových schopností, mezi něž patří schopnost porozumět záměrům druhých lidí, schopnost osvojit si abstraktní pojmy, schopnost porozumět syntaktické struktuře a určité obecnější schopnosti týkající se paměti a učení. Ačkoli ostatní vědci dosud spojovali učení se slovům s některou z těchto dovedností, Bloom je první, kdo ukazuje, že k úplnému porozumění slovům je potřeba všech těchto lidských schopností. Na to, aby si děti – ale i dospělí – osvojili i ta nejjednodušší slova, potřebují bohaté pojmové, sociální a jazykové dovednosti, které se vzájemně doplňují.

The fifteen original contributions in this volume bring together significant research and theoretical perspectives from psychology, linguistics, anthropology, and neuroscience, offering a vital synthesis across these fields. The exploration of the relationship between natural language and spatial cognition aims to address fundamental questions regarding the mind, language, and culture. Each chapter presents a contemporary overview of specific research programs, tackling inquiries such as how the brain represents space, the types of spatial representations, the process of learning to discuss space, and the influence of culture. Additionally, the discussions consider whether experimental tests on the relationship between space and language should focus solely on closed-class linguistic elements or also include open-class elements. Throughout the text, contributors engage with one another's arguments, highlighting key areas of consensus and contention. Notable contributors include Manfred Bierwisch, Paul Bloom, Melissa Bowerman, and others, each providing unique insights into the intricate connections between language and spatial understanding.

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A Next Big Idea Club Must-Read A compelling and accessible new perspective on the modern science of psychology, based on one of Yale's most popular courses of all time How does the brain--a three-pound wrinkly mass--give rise to intelligence and conscious experience? Was Freud right that we are all plagued by forbidden sexual desires? What is the function of emotions such as disgust, gratitude, and shame? Renowned psychologist Paul Bloom answers these questions and many more in Psych, his riveting new book about the science of the mind. Psych is an expert and passionate guide to the most intimate aspects of our nature, serving up the equivalent of a serious university course while being funny, engaging, and full of memorable anecdotes. But Psych is much more than a comprehensive overview of the field of psychology. Bloom reveals what psychology can tell us about the most pressing moral and political issues of our time--including belief in conspiracy theories, the role of genes in explaining human differences, and the nature of prejudice and hatred. Bloom also shows how psychology can give us practical insights into important issues--from the treatment of mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety to the best way to lead happy and fulfilling lives. Psych is an engrossing guide to the most important topic there is: it is the story of us.

A Next Big Idea Club Must-ReadA compelling and accessible new perspective on the modern science of psychology, based on one of Yale’s most popular courses of all timeHow does the brain—a three-pound wrinkly mass—give rise to intelligence and conscious experience? Was Freud right that we are all plagued by forbidden sexual desires? What is the function of emotions such as disgust, gratitude, and shame? Renowned psychologist Paul Bloom answers these questions and many more in Psych, his riveting new book about the science of the mind.Psych is an expert and passionate guide to the most intimate aspects of our nature, serving up the equivalent of a serious university course while being funny, engaging, and full of memorable anecdotes. But Psych is much more than a comprehensive overview of the field of psychology. Bloom reveals what psychology can tell us about the most pressing moral and political issues of our time—including belief in conspiracy theories, the role of genes in explaining human differences, and the nature of prejudice and hatred.Bloom also shows how psychology can give us practical insights into important issues—from the treatment of mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety to the best way to lead happy and fulfilling lives. Psych is an engrossing guide to the most important topic there is: it is the story of us.

Telling a powerful story is crucial for your business. In today's world, despite being digitally connected, many experience profound loneliness and isolation. As we face unprecedented crises—climate change, a global pandemic, leadership failures, poverty, and social injustice—the need for hope and meaning is greater than ever. Storytelling provides that hope. Mastering storytelling is not limited to a select few; it is accessible to everyone and does not depend on innate skills, cultural backgrounds, or gender. Instead, it involves cultivating specific skills, awareness, and intention. This book reveals how to successfully navigate the complexities of the modern era, build winning teams, and lead in unpredictable environments that demand innovation and creativity. You will learn to thrive both personally and professionally, creating remarkable opportunities for yourself and your organization. With newfound knowledge and confidence, you can maintain your vision for a better world, capturing exciting ideas and driving social change. Discover your innate storyteller and the power of narrative as you uncover your core story. You will learn to tell and live stories that will inspire and impact both your professional and personal life.

Why is a forgery worth so much less than an original work of art?What s so funny about someone slipping on a banana peel? Why, as Freud once asked, is a man willing to kiss a woman passionately, but not use her toothbrush? And how many times should you ba

Anger looms large in our public lives. Should it?Reflecting on two millennia of debates about the value of anger, Agnes Callard contends that efforts to distinguish righteous forms of anger from unjust vengeance, or appropriate responses to wrongdoing from inappropriate ones, are misguided. What if, she asks, anger is not a bug of human life, but a feature—an emotion that, for all its troubling qualities, is an essential part of being a moral agent in an imperfect world? And if anger is both troubling and essential, what then do we do with the implications: that angry victims of injustice are themselves morally compromised, and that it might not be possible to respond rightly to being treated wrongly? As Callard concludes, “We can’t be good in a bad world.”The contributions that follow explore anger in its many forms—public and private, personal and political—raising an issue that we must grapple with: Does the vast well of public anger compromise us all?

"Can your marriage survive if you're both sleeping with other people? After more than 20 years of marriage, Fay and Steve are happy, but their lives lack excitement. Fay believes an open relationship could reignite that spark. But can sex ever just be sex? Steve eventually agrees to the idea, but first they must set some ground rules; no sleeping with friends, no telling the kids, and a limit on how many times they can see the same person. Can their marriage survive this arrangement - even if they have permission?"--Provided by publisher