Wolfram Schulz Knihy

Researchers surveyed nearly 90,000 14-year-old students in 28 countries during the second phase of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement's Civic Education Study. Questionnaires were also administered to teachers and school principals. The survey consisted of five types of items measuring the students' (1) knowledge of democratic principles; (2) skills in interpreting political communication; (3) concepts of democracy and citizenship; (4) attitudes related to trust in institutions, the nation, opportunities for immigrants, and women's political rights; and (5) expected participation in civic-related activities. A final part of the survey assessed students' perceptions of classroom climate and their participation in youth organizations, as well as other background variables. The findings provide cross-national analyses giving educators, policy-makers, and the general public information about what 14-year-old students know and believe about democratic institutions and processes. They also give a snapshot of the civic activities young people engage in, and what their intentions are for future participation

Die überwiegende Mehrheit der lateinamerikanischen Länder hat mittlerweile zu demokratischen Regierungsformen zurückgefunden, doch stellt sich die Frage nach der Qualität und Stabilität dieser Demokratisierung. Dabei kommt den Parteien als Mittlern zwischen Bevölkerung und Staat eine besondere Rolle zu. Wolfram Schulz untersucht am Beispiel Venezuelas, welche Faktoren das Wahlverhalten beeinflussen. Es läßt sich zeigen, daß die venezolanischen Parteien weniger als Repräsentanten unterschiedlicher Bevölkerungsinteressen auftreten, vielmehr sind Parteibindungen und Wahlverhalten stark von Parteipatronage und Populismus geprägt. Wahlabstinenz und Protestwahl im Gefolge der jüngsten wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Krise machen die Instabilität derartiger Parteiensysteme deutlich.

The International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) investigates the ways in which young people are prepared to undertake their roles as citizens in a range of countries in the second decade of the 21st century. ICCS 2016 is a continuation of a study initiated in 2009. This document outlines the framework and assessment design for the ICCS 2016. ICCS 2016 will report on student knowledge and understanding of key aspects of civics and citizenship, as well as student attitudes to, and engagement with, civic life. This survey is intended to respond to enduring and emerging challenges of educating young people in a world where contexts of democracy and civic participation continue to change. New developments include the increase in the use of social media as a tool for civic engagement, growing concerns about global threats and sustainable development, as well as recognition of the role of schools in fostering peaceful ways of interaction between young people.