Semiconductor physics

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This book, now in its ninth edition, retains its textbook character with a focus on "Physics." The volume has expanded due to several enhancements and the inclusion of new topics. Notably, Sect. 13.2 introduces the Quantum Cascade Laser, which operates in the far infrared spectral range. In Sect. 14.4, the theory of the quantum Hall effect is updated to reflect ballistic transport, a concept previously considered by Rudolf Peierls. This chapter also discusses a recent discovery of low-temperature resistance oscillation in a pure semiconductor influenced by combined dc and ac electric fields alongside a magnetic field. Observations of the quantum Hall effect with unprecedented precision may invigorate theoretical developments. A new Sect. 15.5 details coaxial carbon tubes with nanometer diameters, highlighting their role as current transport elements in field effect transistors. Additionally, Sect. 15.6, titled Molecular Electronics, presents the current-voltage rectifying characteristics of an organic Langmuir-Blodgett film of nanometer thickness. These updates illustrate the potential limits of miniaturization in electronic circuits. The preferred system of units used throughout is the SI system.