Comparing global trends in multidimensional and income poverty and assessing horizontal inequalities

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The 2030 Agenda has revitalized the fight against poverty, emphasizing its multidimensional nature and the importance of addressing the needs of diverse social groups rather than solely focusing on national averages. This paper aims to: (1) analyze trends in multidimensional poverty in low- and middle-income countries, (2) explore rural-urban poverty differences over time, and (3) evaluate the claim of poverty feminization. Utilizing the Global Correlation Sensitive Poverty Index (G-CSPI), which incorporates education, employment, and health, the analysis reveals key methodological advantages, particularly its individual-level focus crucial for gender-disaggregated insights. Findings indicate that from 2000 to 2012, both income and multidimensional poverty decreased, with the reduction in extreme income poverty being double that of multidimensional poverty. Regional disparities are significant, with Asia experiencing the most decline in multidimensional poverty, while sub-Saharan Africa lagged behind. The rural G-CSPI was over four times greater than the urban G-CSPI, highlighting poverty's rural prevalence. Contrary to the 1995 Beijing claim that 70% of the poor were women, no global gender bias was found in 2000. However, the decline in multidimensional poverty was more pronounced among men than women, suggesting a new trend of feminization of poverty linked to slower employment recovery for women.