The Babylonian Theory of the Planets

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In the second millennium B.C., Babylonian scribes meticulously compiled astrological omens, interpreting them as divine signs influencing political, military, and agricultural outcomes. They conducted nightly observations of celestial events, documenting the moon's and planets' positions relative to stars. These records, organized into monthly reports alongside significant events and agricultural prices, aimed to uncover correlations between heavenly phenomena and earthly conditions. This practice laid the groundwork for the first empirical science and the development of astronomy as a mathematical discipline.