Non-Tariff Barriers to Agricultural Trade between Turkey and the EU

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The thesis explores the border effect approach within gravity models of trade, emphasizing the endogeneity issue and methods for incorporating multilateral resistance terms (MRTs). It includes an empirical analysis of agricultural trade between Turkey and the EU, examining the implications of data pooling and aggregation. The conversion of estimated border effects into ad-valorem tariff equivalents (AVEs) highlights the significance of accurately measuring elasticity of substitution to distinguish between non-tariff barriers and overall border effects.