The theory and concept of multi-level governance (MLG) is a fairly recent one, emerging from the deepening integration of the European Union in the early 1990s and the development of free trade agreements around the world. MLG enlarges the traditional approaches, namely those of neo-institutionalism and multinational federalism, by offering a better understanding of the role of the state, regions and provinces. The book analyses the changes that have taken place as well as those that might take place in the future.
The Internet and social media have evolved beyond mere tools for politicians, significantly impacting the public and political spheres. These electronic media reinforce the "glocalization" trend initiated by television, enhancing the role of political parties, which are crucial for rebuilding social and political connections. They occupy a unique position at both the center and the periphery of contemporary public life.
The book explores various dimensions of this phenomenon. It begins with an examination of how new technologies influence political parties and democratic processes, featuring discussions on American party politics and the role of social media in Germany's 2013 elections. It then addresses the decline of activism within political parties, highlighting adaptation strategies and the dynamics of partisan communication in Quebec.
Subsequent sections analyze the transformative role of social networks in political communication, with case studies from New Zealand's 2011 elections and the darker aspects of American presidential campaigns. The resilience of traditional media is also explored, particularly in the context of the UK Independence Party and its relationship with the British press. Finally, the evolution of leadership in political parties is examined, focusing on the Parti Quebecois and the broader implications of electronic media and social networks in France.
