Crystallization

Více o knize

Crystallization is a naturally occurring process widely utilized in various industries, occurring from solutions, melts, or gas phase deposition. Crystals are characterized by long-range order, distinguishing them from liquids, gases, and amorphous substances, which results in well-defined faces and unique properties. This process is integral to nearly all process industries for production, purification, or recovery of solid materials, ranging from milligrams in research labs to multi-million tonne scales in industry. The book covers a comprehensive range of crystallization operations, from isolation in reaction broths to purification and product property tailoring. The initial section introduces essential mechanisms such as nucleation, growth, attrition, and agglomeration, emphasizing the concept of supersaturation as the driving force behind crystallization. It also discusses solubility, its dependence on process conditions, and various crystallization techniques, including their advantages and limitations, alongside a detailed examination of polymorphism. The second part builds on these fundamentals, exploring the development of crystallization processes, both batch-wise and continuous, from solutions or melts. It links purification during crystallization with practical insights and theoretical concepts, addressing the impact of mixing and downstream processes. The final section presents real-world crystallization cases