Professor Peter Stansky Knihy

Few English writers wielded a pen as sharply as George Orwell, the quintessential political writer of the twentieth century. His literary output responded to and sought to influence the tumultuous times he lived in, as Europe and the world were torn apart by war and ideologies like fascism, socialism, and communism reshaped global politics. In this study, historian Peter Stansky demonstrates how Orwell's work was defined by four major conflicts: World War I, the Spanish Civil War, World War II, and the Cold War. Young Orwell came of age during the First World War and published his final book, Nineteen Eighty-Four, nearly fifty years later, at the Cold War's outset. The intervening decades saw radical shifts in his personal politics; he transitioned from a staunch pacifist to a committed socialist after the Spanish Civil War. Just before World War II, he adopted an anti-pacifist stance, equating pacifism with pro-Fascism. By examining Orwell's works, including My Country Right or Left, The Lion and the Unicorn, Animal Farm, and Nineteen Eighty-Four, Stansky explores Orwell's paradoxical views on patriotism and socialism. This study ultimately reconciles Orwell's commitment to socialist ideals with his critique of totalitarianism, highlighting the significance of his wartime experiences and offering insight into the inner world of one of modern literature's most influential figures.