As migration to Europe has surged, so has discrimination against immigrant populations. EU countries have implemented policies aimed at forcing assimilation, driven by fears that immigration from Muslim-majority cultures threatens national identities and increases radicalization risks. The prevailing belief is that immigrants must alter their appearance, religion, or language to blend in. However, through innovative field experiments, the authors demonstrate that assimilationist strategies are not the most effective means to reduce biases. Instead, discrimination diminishes when immigrants and natives share social norms that foster a common identity as citizens. The empirical research was conducted through extensive, multi-year experiments in Germany, a fitting location due to its large immigrant population and defined cultural norms. The findings reveal the roots of discriminatory attitudes, particularly regarding cultural and religious differences, and how these manifest in everyday interactions, such as reluctance to assist immigrant minorities. Interestingly, the research indicates that immigrants speaking German experience similar discrimination as those using foreign languages. Conversely, immigrants who adhere to social norms, like anti-littering or progressive views on women, encounter less discrimination. Ultimately, the authors provide a thorough examination of modern discrimination, its reduction strategies, and the
