Benn Steil Knihy

En julio de 1944, a finales de la segunda guerra mundial, representantes de cuarenta y cuatro naciones se reunieron en el complejo hotelero de Bretton Woods (Nuevo Hampshire, Estados Unidos) para diseñar un nuevo sistema monetario mundial que posibilitase una paz global y duradera tras la contienda. Las conversaciones, no exentas de fricciones, estaban lideradas por el economista británico John Maynard Keynes y por Harry Dexter White, un hasta el momento desconocido tecnócrata estadounidense. La paupérrima situación económica en la que se encontraba Gran Bretaña, propició que White consiguiera imponerse a una de las grandes mentes del siglo XX y establecer con ello un nuevo orden económico marcado por la supremacía del dólar y que, a la postre, determinó el curso de la posguerra. La recuperación económica de los años cincuenta y sesenta hizo que Bretton Woods se convirtiera en sinónimo de una reforma económica internacional sensata e inteligente. Tal vez por ello no es de extrañar que en un momento de gran estrés financiero y económico, como el que vivimos en la actualidad, se multipliquen las iniciativas para recuperar y modernizar el sistema financiero mundial propuesto en los años cuarenta

After a critical summary and analysis of syllogistic, inductive, and modern symbolic logic, this book undertakes a study of the concepts, symbolism, and applications of what has become known as deontic logic, or the logic of obligation, particularly as it relates to moral and legal reasoning involved in the making of decisions, choices, and the performance of human actions. The meanings of the terms act and action are thoroughly discussed as are the terms omission and attempt. Both dyadic and multi-valued versions of deontic logic and the insights of Lofti Zadehs fuzzy logic are referenced throughout the book, specifically

Au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, alors que l'Empire britannique s'effondre et que l'expansion de Staline se poursuit, l'équipe du secrétaire d'État George C. Marshall planifie la reconstruction de l'Europe de l'Ouest pour contrer l'autoritarisme communiste. Cette initiative massive confronte Européens et Américains à des visions en désaccord avec leur histoire. Elle conduit à la création de l'OTAN, de l'Union Européenne et à l'identité occidentale qui façonnent encore les relations internationales. Dans cet essai captivant, Benn Steil explore les années critiques de 1947 à 1949, redonnant vie aux événements marquants de l'Europe d'après-guerre, tels que le coup de Prague, le blocus de Berlin et la partition de l'Allemagne. Chaque épisode illustre la détermination de Staline à détruire le plan Marshall et à miner l'influence américaine en Europe. S'appuyant sur de nouvelles sources américaines, russes, allemandes et d'autres archives européennes, Benn Steil propose une histoire claire du plan Marshall, modifiant notre perception de ce programme, de l'émergence de la Guerre Froide et de l'après-Guerre Froide, période où l'avenir de l'Europe et l'implication des États-Unis sont à nouveau en jeu.

A comprehensive economic assessment of the implications of increasing institutionalized saving for the securities trading industry, the financial sector, and the economy as a whole.

Upending the conventional wisdom that Bretton Woods was the product of an amiable Anglo-American collaboration, Steil shows that it was in reality part of a much more ambitious geopolitical agenda hatched within President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Treasury and aimed at eliminating Britain as an economic and political rival. At the heart of the drama were the antipodal characters of John Maynard Keynes, the renowned and revolutionary British economist, and Harry Dexter White, the dogged, self-made American technocrat. Bringing to bear new and striking archival evidence, Steil offers the most compelling portrait yet of the complex and controversial figure of White--the architect of the dollar's privileged place in the Bretton Woods monetary system, who also, very privately, admired Soviet economic planning and engaged in clandestine communications with Soviet intelligence officials and agents over many years. --

With Britain's empire collapsing and Stalin ascendent, U.S. officials set out to reconstruct Western Europe as a bulwark against communist authoritariansim. This is the story of the Marshall Plan and the birth of the Cold War: a gripping account of the seminal episodes marking the post-WWII... číst celé

Upending the conventional wisdom that Bretton Woods was the product of an amiable Anglo-American collaboration, the author shows that it was in reality part of a much more ambitious geopolitical agenda hatched within President Franklin D Roosevelt's Treasury and aimed at eliminating Britain as an economic and political rival.