Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan

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In this groundbreaking biography of Emperor Hirohito, Herbert P. Bix presents an unvarnished look at the enigmatic leader whose sixty-three-year reign transformed Japan. Bix reveals the full life of this controversial figure, detailing his training from birth for a solitary role at the pinnacle of Japan's political hierarchy and as a revered symbol of divine status. Influenced by a blend of imperial tradition and modern scientific thought, Hirohito evolved into a preeminent figure, aligning with the ultranationalist movement, perpetuating a cult of emperor worship, and resisting attempts to limit his power, all while cultivating an image as a passive monarch. Supported by previously untapped primary documents, Bix illuminates the mythology surrounding Hirohito's impact on the world stage, particularly his interactions with advisers and governments. Contrary to conventional wisdom, Bix details Hirohito's decisive role in wartime operations, from the Manchurian takeover to the attack on Pearl Harbor and the eventual decision to surrender in 1945. He illustrates how Hirohito prolonged the war and used the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as part of his exit strategy. Following Japan's capitulation, American and Japanese leaders worked to justify Hirohito's retention as emperor, reshaping historical narratives. The partnership with General MacArthur helped maintain Hirohito's stature while aiding Japan's transition to a peaceful