Dynamik von Personenströmen in Sportstadien

The design and dimensioning of escape routes in grandstands influence significantly the whole evacuation process of a football stadium. To analyze pedestrian traffic on grandstands, experiments under laboratory conditions with up to 300 participants have been performed in the ESPRIT arena in Düsseldorf. Fieldstudies in the same stadium and the BORUSSIA-PARK in Mönchengladbach complement the experimental database. In the first part of the dissertation an extensive literature review of pedestrian dynamics on stairs is presented. Precise trajectories, extracted from own experiments, are used to derive the fundamental diagram. The spatial dependency of the basic quantities velocity, density and specific flow on stairs is analyzed. Various influences on the flow and density in the mouth – standing and seated terraces, different slope of the grandstand, positioning of security personnel – are quantified in the second part of the thesis. Based on this data and gained insights the last chapter deals with the validation of a computersimulation. It is clarified, which aspects have to be considered for the validation of a spatial-continuous model. The comparison of the simulation results with experimental data allows conclusions about the correct approximation of reality