Multilingualism, lingua franca and lingua sacra

List of Contributors Preface ( Markham J. Geller and Jens Braarvig ) Introduction ( Markham J. Geller and Jens Braarvig ) Part I: General Reflections Empires and their Languages: Reflections on the History and the Linguistics of Lingua Franca and Lingua Sacra ( Reinier Salverda ) Dependent Languages ( Jens Braarvig ) Part II: Europe Lehnübersetzung und Lehnbedeutung vs. Lehnwort: Zu den Entlehnungen aus dem Lateinischen und Französischen in das mittelalterliche Deutsch ( Kurt Gärtner ) Konrad of Megenberg: German Terminologies and Expressions as Created on Latin Models ( Kathrin Chlench-Priber ) What Language Does God Speak? ( Florentina Badalanova Geller ) Islamic Mystical Poetry and Alevi Rhapsodes From the Village of Sevar, Bulgaria ( Florentina Badalanova Geller ) Learning Arabic and Learned Bilingualism in Early Modern England: The Case of John Pell ( Daniel Andersson ) Part III: Ancient Near East Sumerian in the Middle Assyrian Period ( Klaus Wagensonner ) The Concept of the Semitic Root in Akkadian Lexicography ( Markham J. Geller ) Multilingualism in the Elamite Kingdoms and the Achaemenid Empire ( Jan Tavernier ) Diplomatic Multilingualism in the Middle East, Past and Present: Multilingualism, Linguae Francae and the Global History of Religious and Scientific Concepts ( Lutz Edzard ) Some Observations on Multilingualism in Graeco-Roman Egypt ( Alexandra von Lieven ) Part IV: India and Central Asia Indo-Iranian Sacred Texts and Sacrificial Practices: Structures of Common Heritage (Speech and Performance in the Veda and Avesta, III) ( Velizar Sadovski ) Aspects of Multilingualism in Turfan as Seen in Manichaean Texts ( Desmond Durkin-Meisterernst ) Part V: China Multilingualism and Lingua Franca in the Ancient Chinese World ( William G. Boltz ) The Imprint of Buddhist Sanskrit on Chinese and Tibetan: Some Lexical Ontologies and Translation Strategies in the Tang Dynasty ( Jens Braarvig ) Classical Chinese as Lingua Franca in East Asia in the First to Second Millennia CE: Focusing on the Linguistic Situation in Traditional Korea ( Vladimir Tikhonov ) Part VI: The Americas Multilingualism and Lingua Francae of Indigenous Civilizations of America ( Lars Kirkhusmo Pharo )