Industrial-age ecosystems and digital innovation

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The widespread diffusion of digital technology is significantly impacting traditional contexts, compelling established industries to embrace digital innovation. This shift increases the demand for digital capabilities within industrial-age ecosystems, often fulfilled by IT-enabled actors well-equipped for this role. However, the implications of digital innovation for these ecosystems, particularly where it intersects with entrenched industry structures, remain unclear. Additionally, there is insufficient understanding of how digital innovation affects incumbent firms in these contexts. To address these issues, the dissertation presents insights from four studies examining the effects of digital innovation on industrial-age ecosystems and incumbent organizations. It focuses on three main objectives: understanding the transformation of established ecosystems due to digital innovation, explaining the implications of growing digital innovation driven by IT-enabled actors, and assessing outcomes for incumbent firms within these ecosystems. The findings highlight the significant impact of digital technologies on established ecosystems, which experience distinct phases of change as IT-enabled actors reshape existing structures. Notably, incumbent organizations may not face threats from digital disruption; instead, they can benefit from the entry of IT-enabled actors. The dissertation offers valuable implications for both research and