The Florentines

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Between Dante's birth in 1265 and Galileo's death in 1642, a profound transformation reshaped Western civilization's culture. The visual arts—painting, sculpture, and architecture—underwent striking changes, marking an irreversible evolution. Concurrently, humanity's self-conception and thought experienced a significant shift, leading to the emergence of new sciences. These groundbreaking ideas primarily originated in Florence, Tuscany, where a focus on common humanity supplanted other-worldly spirituality, giving rise to humanism. This philosophy spread throughout Italy, maintaining essential elements of its Florentine roots as it reached other parts of Europe. Transformations in human culture have consistently reflected their origins; for instance, the Reformation retained aspects of central and northern Germany, while the Industrial Revolution, despite its expansion beyond Britain, preserved elements of its initial framework. Similarly, the IT revolution, which began in Silicon Valley, remains influenced by its Californian beginnings. Paul Strathern illustrates how Florence and its inhabitants played a pivotal role in the Renaissance, emphasizing the lasting impact of their contributions on the broader cultural landscape.