Iberian orchidaceae pollinators

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Iberian orchids utilize three distinct strategies to attract pollinators. The first involves nectar and pollinia to lure in insects. The second employs visual deception, mimicking nectar-producing orchids without offering food, using a spur to mislead bees. Lastly, sexual deception occurs when orchids imitate female hymenopterans, effectively attracting inexperienced male pollinators. Each method showcases the intricate adaptations of these orchids in their reproductive strategies.