Intra-Industry Trade with Firm Heterogeneity. The Melitz Model and its Recent Extensions

Focusing on the evolution of trade theories, this thesis critiques traditional models that fail to explain trade dynamics among developed nations. It highlights the advancements of New Trade Theory, particularly the Melitz model of intra-industry trade, which provides a more nuanced understanding of trade relationships in a globalized economy. The research emphasizes the importance of these modern frameworks in analyzing economic interactions and the implications for international economic relations.