International Programme on Chemical Safety Pořadí knih (chronologicky)

This comprehensive assessment evaluates the risks of carbon monoxide exposure to human health and the environment, highlighting its colorless, odorless nature and sources from both natural and human activities. Extensive studies on health effects, particularly at low exposure levels, are discussed, with close to 1000 references included. The report identifies highway vehicle emissions as the primary source of environmental carbon monoxide, followed by non-highway transportation, fuel combustion, industrial processes, and solid waste disposal. Monitoring data indicates a decline in environmental concentrations due to effective emission controls. Indoor sources, notably cigarette smoke, are also examined. The report details carbon monoxide's environmental fate, its role in ozone production, and potential contributions to global warming. It identifies personal exposure sources, emphasizing that the general population's highest exposures occur in vehicles and indoor environments, while certain occupations face increased risks. Toxicokinetics and mechanisms of action are reviewed, focusing on factors influencing carboxyhaemoglobin levels and their toxic effects. Health impacts are explored through animal studies and human investigations, revealing risks such as cardiovascular and respiratory damage, neurobehavioral effects, and developmental toxicity. High-risk groups, particularly those with exercise-induced ischemia and pregnan

A practical guide to the laboratory analysis of over 100 substances frequently involved in episodes of acute poisoning. Noting that many hospitals, especially in developing countries, lack the support of analytical toxicology services, the book aims to help laboratory staff perform a range of simple tests known to produce rapid and reliable results for the management of poisoning emergencies. All tests described can be performed without the need for sophisticated equipment, expensive reagents, or a continuous supply of electricity. The manual opens with general information about the organization and functions of an analytical toxicology laboratory, the principles of safe laboratory practice, and the essentials of emergency medicine and intensive care that will influence the laboratory's work. Two chapters, which constitute the core of the manual, describe the many simple analytical tests that can be used to detect and identify poisons, whether in biological fluids or in powders, tablets, or other items found near the patient. The first chapter, on qualitative tests for poisons, sets out a three-part series of tests designed for use as a routine, rapid screen, especially appropriate in the many cases where the identity of the poison is unknown. The second and most extensive chapter provides step-by-step instructions for the performance of qualitative tests and some quantitative methods for 113 specific poisons or groups of poisons. Substances covered range from pesticides and other industrial chemicals, through compounds contained in household products, to pharmaceuticals, plant toxins, and drugs commonly abused.